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7.4 Empirical evidence for permeable species boundaries and selection upon them

Cover; The Evolutionary Biology of Species; Copyright; Dedication; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Why species?; 1.2 The evolutionary dynamics of species; 1.3 Structure of the book; 2. What are species?; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Definitions; 2.3 The shape of biological diversity: the conventional species model; 2.4 Multiple properties of species; 2.5 Separating out the effects of alternative mechanisms; 2.5.1 No diversifying processes; 2.5.2 Just reproductive isolation; 2.5.3 Just geographical structure; 2.5.4 Reproductive isolation and geographic structure

2.5.5 Just ecological heterogeneity2.5.6 Ecological divergence and reproductive isolation; 2.5.7 Ecological divergence and geographical structure; 2.5.8 Reproductive isolation, ecological divergence, and geographical structure; 2.6 Which mechanisms are most important?; 2.7 Alternative models for diversity; 2.7.1 No evolutionary independence; 2.7.2 Gradual decline in evolutionary dependence; 2.7.3 Discrete and single-level species; 2.7.4 Discrete but with multiple levels; 2.8 Other representations of diversity; 2.9 Conclusions; 3. The evidence for species-phenotypic and genetic clustering

3.1 Introduction3.2 Phenotypic clusters; 3.3 Genetic clusters: single locus; 3.3.1 Theory; 3.3.2 Evidence; 3.3.3 Partial isolation and sampling; 3.3.4 Independent limitation causes clustering, not reproductive isolation; 3.3.5 Single locus conclusions; 3.4 Conclusions; Appendix 3.1 A user's guide to coalescence; 4. Why are there species? Arenas of recombination and selection; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Arenas of recombination from multiple loci; 4.2.1 Theory; 4.2.2 Evidence; 4.2.3 Multiple loci conclusion; 4.3 Units of divergent selection; 4.3.1 Genetic data; 4.3.2 Phenotypic traits

4.3.3 Units of selection conclusions4.4 Prospects for whole-genome data; 4.5 Conclusions; 5. What causes speciation?; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Background; 5.3 Geographical isolation; 5.3.1 Evidence from geographical ranges of sister species; 5.3.2 Evidence from oceanic islands; 5.3.3 Geographical opportunity versus organismal responses; 5.3.4 Geographical patterns of reproductive isolation; 5.4 Divergent selection; 5.4.1 Ecological divergence and reproductive isolation; 5.4.2 Ecological traits and speciation; 5.4.3 Spatial pattern of ecological divergence

5.4.4 Ecological opportunity versus organismal responses5.5 Towards a dynamic and integrated model of speciation; 5.5.1 Future avenues; 5.6 Conclusions; 6. Species and speciation without sex; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Theory of diversification in asexuals; 6.3 Evidence for asexual species-bdelloid rotifers; 6.4 Other asexual eukaryotes; 6.5 Speciation across a continuum of recombination rates-bacteria; 6.6 Speciation experiments in microbes; 6.7 Conclusions; 7. Species boundaries and contemporary evolution; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Background; 7.3 A model of genetic interactions between species

Presents a synthetic overview of the evolutionary biology of species, incorporating their nature, origins, proliferation, and consequences.

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