The Importance of Ankle Osteoarthritis -- Characteristics of Ankle Osteoarthritis -- Impacts of Ankle Osteoarthritis on Biomechanics and Gait -- Patient's History and Clinical Presentation -- Medical Imaging and Investigations of Ankle Osteoarthritis -- Pharmacotheraphy in the Treatment for Ankle Osteoarthritis -- Platelet Rich Plasma in the Ankle Osteoarthritis -- Stem Cell Treament in the Ankle Osteoarthritis -- Orthotics, Braces, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy for the Management of The Ankle Osteoarthritis -- Joint Debridment -- Joint-preserving Osteotomy -- Open Ankle Arthrodesis -- Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis -- Total Ankle Arthroplasty -- Avascular Necrosis of the Talus -- Previous Ankle Infection -- Talar Prosthesis Replacement and Three-Dimensional -- Future Perpectives of Ankle Os teoarthritis -- Index

Ankle osteoarthritis is one of major disability in the foot and ankle. It is less common than hip or knee osteoarthritis; however, it is significantly related to poor quality of life. Treatments have conventionally consisted of various options until operative treatment in the form of arthrodesis is required. More recently, interesting modality has been increasing in both nonoperative and alternative operative options, including biologic injections, joint-sparing osteotomy surgery, arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis, and new arthroplasty designs. This textbook exclusively presents currently evidence-based information on diagnosis, three-dimensional technology application, other new technology and perspectives, and the updated treatment options available for the ankle osteoarthritis.