Intro -- Clinical Signs in Humans and Animals Associated with Minerals, Trace Elements, and Rare Earth Elements -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Author biography -- Preface -- Introduction -- Historical perspective -- Role of minerals in the body -- Human foods -- Animal foods -- Deficiencies -- Toxicities -- Carcinogenicity, embryotoxicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity -- Species differences -- Exotic/Zoo species -- Lack of awareness in the professions -- Limitations in standards of scientific evidence -- Objectives of this book -- Key features -- Section 1: Clinical signs -- Key to tables -- 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)-High levels -- Abdominal cramps -- Abdominal distension -- Abdominal pain (colic) -- Abnormal/unusual thoughts -- Abortion -- Abasia -- Acetonemia -- Achlorhydria -- Achromotrichia -- Acne -- Acrodynia -- Acroparesthesia -- Acute airway obstruction -- Acute kidney injury (AKI)/acute renal failure -- Acute tubular necrosis -- Adrenal hypertrophy -- Adrenal insufficiency (Addisons disease -- hypoadrenocorticism) -- Agitation -- Aggressive behavior -- Alanine transaminase (ALT)-Elevation -- Albuminuria (proteinuria) -- Aldolase-Reduced levels -- Alkaline phosphatase-Activity reduced -- Alkaline phosphatase-Increased blood concentrations -- Alkalosis-Metabolic -- Allergic reaction -- Alopecia -- Alveolitis -- Alzheimers disease -- Amblyacousia -- Aminoaciduria -- Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) -- Amyloidosis -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Anemia -- Anesthesia -- Androgenic receptor protein expression reduced -- Angiedema -- Angular deformity of long bones -- Anhydremia -- Ankylosis -- Anorexia (decreased food intake -- inappetence) -- Anosmia -- Antler abnormalities -- Antral stenosis -- Anuria -- Anxiety -- Aortic aneurysm/rupture -- Aortic calcification -- Aortic wall thickening/plaques -- Apathy.

Apnoea-Obstructive sleep apnoea -- Appetite increased -- Arched back -- Arginase activity increased -- Argyria -- Arrhythmia -- Arthralgia -- Arthropathy -- Ascites -- Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) levels-Low -- Aspartate aminotransferase-AST-High -- Astasia -- Asthma -- Ataxia -- Atelectasis -- Atherosclerosis -- ATPase activity-Reduced -- Attention span loss -- Autism (ASD) -- Autoimmune disease-Increased prevalence -- Azotemia -- Balance loss/vestibular syndrome -- Baritosis -- Basophil stippling -- Beak abnormalities -- Behavioral changes -- Bilirubin-High blood levels -- Bipartite sternebrum -- Birth rate-Low -- Birth weight-Low -- Blackouts -- Blanching of ears -- Blindness -- Blink reflex loss -- Blisters-Skin -- Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)-High -- Blood volume expansion -- Blood volume loss (severe) -- Blurred vision -- Body fat content-Increased -- Body righting reflexes-Delayed development -- Bone damage -- Bone fragility -- Bone loss -- Bone marrow depression -- Bone marrow hyperplasia -- Bone marrow hypoplasia -- Bone pain -- Bone tumors -- Bone undermineralization (metabolic bone disease, osteomalacia -- osteoporosis -- osteopenia, rickets) -- Bone-Increased mineralization (osteopetrosis) -- Bowel obstruction -- Bradycardia -- Brain degeneration -- Brain development impaired -- Brain hemorrhage -- Brain edema -- Brain spongiosis -- Breathlessness -- Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-Positive findings -- Bronchitis-Chronic -- Bronchial obstruction -- Bronchiectasis -- Bronchopneumonia -- Bronchospasm -- Cachexia -- Cadmiuria-Increase -- Calcinosis: Soft tissue calcification -- Calcium absorption reduced from intestinal tract -- Calcium metabolism-Impaired -- Calculi (urinary) -- Cannibalism -- Carcinogenic effect -- Cardiac arrest -- Cardiac arrhythmia -- Cardiac atrophy -- Cardiac deformities (fetal) -- Cardiac enlargement (cardiomegaly).

Cardiac fibrosis -- Cardiac failure/heart failure -- Cardiac murmurs -- Cardiomyopathy -- Cardiovascular abnormalities -- Caries -- Carpal hyperextension -- Cartilage development compromised -- Catalase activity (reduced) -- Cataracts -- Cecal enlargement -- Central nervous system lesions -- Cerebellar agenesis -- Cerebellar ataxia -- Cerebellar coning (herniation) -- Cerebral edema -- Cerebral palsy -- Cerebrovascular infarction -- Ceruloplasmin (serum)-Reduced -- Cheilitis -- Chest pain -- Chest tightness -- Chewing constantly -- Chewing uncoordinated -- Cholangitis -- Cholesterol ratio change -- Cholinesterase-Reduced activity -- Chondrodystrophy -- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -- Chvostek sign -- Circling -- Circulatory failure -- Cirrhosis -- Choreoathetosis -- Cleft palate/lip -- Cloacal prolapse -- Club foot -- Clumsiness worsens -- Coagulation/clotting time-Prolonged -- Coagulopathy -- Cognitive impairment/deficits -- Collagen synthesis reduced -- Collapse/fainting/syncope -- Colloid depletion -- Color vision loss (color blindness) -- Coma -- Concentration loss -- Conception rate-Low -- Confusion -- Congenital malformations -- Congestion (eyes) -- Congestion (internal organs) -- Congestion (pulmonary) -- Conjunctivitis -- Conjunctival edema (chemosis) -- Consciousness changes -- Consolidation (lungs) -- Constipation -- Convulsions (fits) -- Copper accumulation in body tissues -- Copper-Low plasma concentrations -- Copper-Low liver concentrations -- Corneal lesions -- Coronary band inflammation -- Cough -- Cracks on palms of hands and soles of feet -- Cranial nerve palsies -- Creatine kinase (CK) -- Creatinine-High blood concentrations -- Cretinism -- Crystalluria -- Curled toe paralysis -- Cyanosis -- Cytochrome C in tissues (decreased amounts) -- Cytochrome CYT P450 change -- Cytokine-Increased activity.

Cytokine suppression -- Cytotoxic effects -- Deafness/hearing loss -- Death -- Decubital ulcers -- Defecation frequency reduced -- Dehydration -- Delayed gastric emptying -- Delirium -- Delusions -- Dementia -- Demyelination nervous tissue -- Dendriform pulmonary ossification -- Dental abnormalities -- Depression -- Depth perception-Loss -- Dermatitis -- Dexterity loss -- Diarrhea/scours -- Dilated pupils/miosis -- Diplopia -- Disorientation (directional) -- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) -- Dizziness -- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage -- Dropped wings -- Drowsiness -- Dry mouth -- Dullness -- Duodenal ulcers -- Dwarfism -- Dysarthria -- Dysgeusia -- Dysmenorrhoea -- Dysphagia -- Dysphonia -- Dyspnoea -- Dyspraxia (speech impediment) -- Dystocia -- Ear drooping -- ECG changes -- Eczema -- Edema -- Egg production-Poor quality/reduced -- Electrolyte imbalance -- Emaciation -- Embolism -- Embryotoxicity -- Emotional lability -- Emphysema -- Encephalopathy -- Endomyocarditis -- Endurance activity reduced -- Enteropathy -- Eosinophilia -- Epigastric pain -- Epiphyseal dysplasia -- Epiphyseal plate widened -- Epistaxis -- Erectile dysfunction -- Erythema -- Erythrocyte abnormalities -- Erythrocytopenia -- Erythropoiesis impaired -- Eschar -- Esophageal impaction -- Esophagitis -- Esophageal perforation -- Estradiol hormone-Reduced synthesis -- Estrus abnormalities -- Excitability -- Exhaustion -- Exophthalmia -- Exostosis -- Expectoration -- Extensor rigidity -- Exudate formation -- Eye irritation -- Eyelid drooping -- Facial deformity -- Facial expression changes -- Falling off perch -- Falling to recumbency -- Falls -- Fanconi syndrome -- Fasciculations -- Fatigue -- Fatty liver -- Fat infiltration of muscle -- Feather abnormalities -- Fetal abnormalities -- Fetal death rate increased -- Fetal resorption -- Fetal size reduced -- Fever.

Fibrosis-Tissue -- Fibrous osteodystrophy (replacement bone with fibrous tissue) -- Fin and skin erosions -- Fingernail changes -- Flatus -- Fluid losses -- Flushes -- Folic acid-Low in serum -- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-Increased production -- Food conversion efficacy reduced -- Food intake decreased (anorexia -- inappetence) -- Food intake increased -- Food utilization-Decreased -- Foot pad changes -- Forgetfulness -- Fractures -- Free radical formation -- Fur chewing -- Gait abnormalities -- Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increased activity -- Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase -- Gangrene -- Garlic smell on breath/alliaceous breath -- Gastric achlorhydria -- Gastric atrophy -- Gastric carcinoma -- Gastric hemorrhage -- Gastric hyperkeratosis -- Gastric hyperplasia -- Gastrointestinal obstruction -- Gastric pain -- Gastric perforation -- Gastric ulcers -- Gastritis -- Gastrointestinal dysfunction -- Gastrointestinal fibrosis -- Gastrointestinal inflammation and ulceration -- Gastrointestinal tract desquamation/necrosis -- Giant cell infiltration -- Giddiness -- Gill filament degeneration -- Gingivitis -- Gliosis -- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-Reduced -- Glomerulonephritis -- Glossitis-Inflamed tongue -- Glucose-6-phosphatase-Decreased -- Glucose tolerance-Impaired -- Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in serum (SGOT) -- Glutamic pyruvic transaminase in serum (SGPT)-Increased -- Glutathione peroxidase-In serum decreased activity -- Glutathione peroxidase-In serum increased activity -- Glycosuria -- Goiter -- Gout -- Granulocytopenia -- Granuloma formation -- Growth impairment/retardation/poor weight gain -- GSH-px blood concentration-Decreased -- GSH-R blood concentration-Decreased -- Gum disease -- Hair coat changes -- Halitosis -- Hallucinations -- Headaches -- Head pressing -- Head retention -- Head shaking -- Head tilt -- Head tremors.

Hearing loss.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.