Radiation injury prevention and mitigation in humans /
Prasad, Kedar N.
Radiation injury prevention and mitigation in humans / Kedar N. Prasad. - Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC, 2018 - xv, 285 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Growing Health Concerns with Respect to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: Can We Prevent and/or Mitigate Them?
Introduction
Prevention of Radiation Injuries
Mitigation of Radiation Injuries
The Concept of a Bioshield against Radiation Damage
Summary
Physics of Radiological Weapons and Nuclear Reactors
Introduction
Structure of an Atom
Isotopes
Radioactivity
Interactions of Radiation with Matter
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Physics of Nuclear Reactors
Nuclear Accidents
Summary
References
Acute Radiation Damage by High Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Humans
Introduction
Radiation-Induced Free Radicals
Concept of Radiosensitivity of Cells
Cellular Radiobiology
Biochemical Changes
Radiation Syndromes
Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS) in Accidently Exposed Individuals
Damage to Organ Systems
Genetic Basis of Radiation Response in Vitro and in Vivo
Mutations and Chromosomal Damage
Cellular Immune Response to Ionizing Radiation
Radiation Effects on Fetus
Radiation Effects on Embryos during Preimplantation of Zygotes
Radiation Effects on Embryos after Implantation of Zygotes
Radiation Effects on Embryos during Organogenesis
Radiation Effects on the Eye of Embryos
Radiation Effects on the Gonads of Embryos
Identification of a Novel Mechanism of Action of Radiation
Summary
References
Long-Term Damages among Survivors of High Doses of Ionizing Radiation
Introduction
Spontaneous Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Cost
Study of Carcinogenesis in Experimental Models (Tissue Culture and Animals
Proposed Stages of Carcinogenesis
Effect of Interaction between Radiation and Chemicals on Carcinogenesis
Radiation-Induced Cancer Incidence in Humans
Incidence of Radiation-Induced Cancer in Humans
Late Effects of High-Doses of Radiation on the Risk of Non-Neoplastic Diseases
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation of Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS)
Introduction
Definition of Radioprotective and Radiation Mitigating Agents
Concept of a Bioshield against Radiation Damage
Prevention of ARS by Radioprotective Agents
Factors to be Considered in the Study of Radioprotective Agents
Radioprotective Pharmacological Agents
Radioprotective Pharmacological Agents Not Approved by the FDA
Radioprotective Drugs Approved by the FDA for Other Indications in Humans
Radioprotective Herbal Extracts Not Requiring FDA Approval
Limitations of Using Most Identified Radioprotective Agents for Prevention of ARS in Humans
Radioprotective Dietary and Endogenous Antioxidants Not Requiring FDA Approval
Scientific Rationale for Using Multiple Antioxidants
Scientific Rationale for Utilizing Oral Route of Administration
Scientific Rationale for Administering Multiple Antioxidants before and after Irradiation
Animal Studies to Demonstrate the Radioprotective Efficacy of a Mixture of Multiple Dietary and Endogenous Antioxidants Administered Orally before and/or after Irradiation
Proposed Recommendation for Using BioShield-R2 in Combination with Standard Therapy for Prevention of ARS in Humans
Mitigation of ARS
Drugs and Biologics Approved by the FDA
Drugs and Biologics Not Approved by the FDA
Radioprotective Dietary and Endogenous Antioxidants Not Requiring Approval by the FDA
Potential Candidates for an Ideal Bioshield against ARS
Proposed Recommendations for Using a Micronutrient Preparation (BioShield-R3) in Combination with Standard Therapy for Mitigating ARS in Humans
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation of Late Adverse Effects of High Radiation Doses
Introduction
Studies on the Role of Antioxidants in Cancer Prevention
Properties of Antioxidants Relevant to Cancer Prevention
Cancer Prevention Studies with Antioxidants
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Multiple Dietary Antioxidants
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Vitamin D and Calcium
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Folate and B Vitamins
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Fat and Fiber
Essential Factors for an Effective Cancer Prevention Strategy
Proposed Cancer Prevention Strategy for Radiation-Exposed Populations
Safety of Micronutrients in BioShield-R2
BioShield-R2 and the Risk of Nonneoplastic Diseases
Summary
References
Health Risks of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation
Introduction
Sources of Background Radiation
Diagnostic Radiation Procedures
Radiation Workers
Consequences of Exposure to Low Doses of Radiation
Models Used for Risk Estimates of Radiation-Induced Cancer
Cancer Risks in Populations Exposed to Diagnostic Radiation Procedures
Cancer Risk among Radiation Workers
Cancer Risk in Military and Civilian Pilots and Flight Attendants
Cancer Risk among Frequent Flyers
Risk of Low-Dose Radiation-Induced Nonneoplastic Diseases
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation against Radiological Weapons and Nuclear Plant Accidents
Introduction
Current Preventive Recommendations to Reduce Radiation Doses after Explosion of a Dirty Bomb or a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Proposed Preventive Biological Radiation Protection Strategy after Explosion of a Dirty Bomb or a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Current and Proposed Preventive Recommendations to Reduce Radiation Doses after Explosion of an Atom Bomb
Current and Proposed Mitigation Strategy to Reduce Damage after Irradiation with Low or High Doses of Radiation
Use of BioShield-R2 and Bioshield-R3
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation of Damage after Low Radiation Doses
Introduction
Application of the Concept of a Bioshield for Prevention of Radiation Damage
BioShield-R1 for Individuals Receiving Diagnostic Radiation Procedures and Frequent Flyers
BioShield-R2 for Radiation Workers and Crews of Commercial and Military Aircraft
Summary
References
Implementation Plans for Prevention and Mitigation of Radiation Injury
Introduction
Radiation Protection Strategies
Implementation Plans for Radiation Protection Strategies
Educational Programs on the Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exercises and Drills
Stockpiling of Radiation Preventive and Mitigating Agents for Biological Protection
Responsible Agencies for Stockpiling Radiation Preventive and Mitigating Agents
Summary
Health Risks of Nonionizing Radiation and Their Prevention and Mitigation
Introduction
Ultraviolet Radiation
Biological Effects of UV Radiation
Mechanisms of UV Radiation–Induced Damage
Protection against UV Radiation–Induced Damage to the Skin
Other Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation
Cell Phones
Mechanisms of Cell Phone–Induced Damage and Its Protection by Antioxidants
Infrared Radiation (IR)
Biological Effects of Infrared Radiation
Effect of Magnetic Field
Summary
References
Index
9781439874240 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1439874247 (hbk. : alk. paper)
2012376391
GBB1E2538 bnb
015991609 Uk
Radiation Injuries--prevention & control
Radiation Effects
Radiation Protection--methods
WN 610 / P668 2018
Radiation injury prevention and mitigation in humans / Kedar N. Prasad. - Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC, 2018 - xv, 285 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Growing Health Concerns with Respect to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: Can We Prevent and/or Mitigate Them?
Introduction
Prevention of Radiation Injuries
Mitigation of Radiation Injuries
The Concept of a Bioshield against Radiation Damage
Summary
Physics of Radiological Weapons and Nuclear Reactors
Introduction
Structure of an Atom
Isotopes
Radioactivity
Interactions of Radiation with Matter
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Physics of Nuclear Reactors
Nuclear Accidents
Summary
References
Acute Radiation Damage by High Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Humans
Introduction
Radiation-Induced Free Radicals
Concept of Radiosensitivity of Cells
Cellular Radiobiology
Biochemical Changes
Radiation Syndromes
Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS) in Accidently Exposed Individuals
Damage to Organ Systems
Genetic Basis of Radiation Response in Vitro and in Vivo
Mutations and Chromosomal Damage
Cellular Immune Response to Ionizing Radiation
Radiation Effects on Fetus
Radiation Effects on Embryos during Preimplantation of Zygotes
Radiation Effects on Embryos after Implantation of Zygotes
Radiation Effects on Embryos during Organogenesis
Radiation Effects on the Eye of Embryos
Radiation Effects on the Gonads of Embryos
Identification of a Novel Mechanism of Action of Radiation
Summary
References
Long-Term Damages among Survivors of High Doses of Ionizing Radiation
Introduction
Spontaneous Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Cost
Study of Carcinogenesis in Experimental Models (Tissue Culture and Animals
Proposed Stages of Carcinogenesis
Effect of Interaction between Radiation and Chemicals on Carcinogenesis
Radiation-Induced Cancer Incidence in Humans
Incidence of Radiation-Induced Cancer in Humans
Late Effects of High-Doses of Radiation on the Risk of Non-Neoplastic Diseases
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation of Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS)
Introduction
Definition of Radioprotective and Radiation Mitigating Agents
Concept of a Bioshield against Radiation Damage
Prevention of ARS by Radioprotective Agents
Factors to be Considered in the Study of Radioprotective Agents
Radioprotective Pharmacological Agents
Radioprotective Pharmacological Agents Not Approved by the FDA
Radioprotective Drugs Approved by the FDA for Other Indications in Humans
Radioprotective Herbal Extracts Not Requiring FDA Approval
Limitations of Using Most Identified Radioprotective Agents for Prevention of ARS in Humans
Radioprotective Dietary and Endogenous Antioxidants Not Requiring FDA Approval
Scientific Rationale for Using Multiple Antioxidants
Scientific Rationale for Utilizing Oral Route of Administration
Scientific Rationale for Administering Multiple Antioxidants before and after Irradiation
Animal Studies to Demonstrate the Radioprotective Efficacy of a Mixture of Multiple Dietary and Endogenous Antioxidants Administered Orally before and/or after Irradiation
Proposed Recommendation for Using BioShield-R2 in Combination with Standard Therapy for Prevention of ARS in Humans
Mitigation of ARS
Drugs and Biologics Approved by the FDA
Drugs and Biologics Not Approved by the FDA
Radioprotective Dietary and Endogenous Antioxidants Not Requiring Approval by the FDA
Potential Candidates for an Ideal Bioshield against ARS
Proposed Recommendations for Using a Micronutrient Preparation (BioShield-R3) in Combination with Standard Therapy for Mitigating ARS in Humans
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation of Late Adverse Effects of High Radiation Doses
Introduction
Studies on the Role of Antioxidants in Cancer Prevention
Properties of Antioxidants Relevant to Cancer Prevention
Cancer Prevention Studies with Antioxidants
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Multiple Dietary Antioxidants
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Vitamin D and Calcium
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Folate and B Vitamins
Cancer Risk after Treatment with Fat and Fiber
Essential Factors for an Effective Cancer Prevention Strategy
Proposed Cancer Prevention Strategy for Radiation-Exposed Populations
Safety of Micronutrients in BioShield-R2
BioShield-R2 and the Risk of Nonneoplastic Diseases
Summary
References
Health Risks of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation
Introduction
Sources of Background Radiation
Diagnostic Radiation Procedures
Radiation Workers
Consequences of Exposure to Low Doses of Radiation
Models Used for Risk Estimates of Radiation-Induced Cancer
Cancer Risks in Populations Exposed to Diagnostic Radiation Procedures
Cancer Risk among Radiation Workers
Cancer Risk in Military and Civilian Pilots and Flight Attendants
Cancer Risk among Frequent Flyers
Risk of Low-Dose Radiation-Induced Nonneoplastic Diseases
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation against Radiological Weapons and Nuclear Plant Accidents
Introduction
Current Preventive Recommendations to Reduce Radiation Doses after Explosion of a Dirty Bomb or a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Proposed Preventive Biological Radiation Protection Strategy after Explosion of a Dirty Bomb or a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Current and Proposed Preventive Recommendations to Reduce Radiation Doses after Explosion of an Atom Bomb
Current and Proposed Mitigation Strategy to Reduce Damage after Irradiation with Low or High Doses of Radiation
Use of BioShield-R2 and Bioshield-R3
Summary
References
Prevention and Mitigation of Damage after Low Radiation Doses
Introduction
Application of the Concept of a Bioshield for Prevention of Radiation Damage
BioShield-R1 for Individuals Receiving Diagnostic Radiation Procedures and Frequent Flyers
BioShield-R2 for Radiation Workers and Crews of Commercial and Military Aircraft
Summary
References
Implementation Plans for Prevention and Mitigation of Radiation Injury
Introduction
Radiation Protection Strategies
Implementation Plans for Radiation Protection Strategies
Educational Programs on the Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exercises and Drills
Stockpiling of Radiation Preventive and Mitigating Agents for Biological Protection
Responsible Agencies for Stockpiling Radiation Preventive and Mitigating Agents
Summary
Health Risks of Nonionizing Radiation and Their Prevention and Mitigation
Introduction
Ultraviolet Radiation
Biological Effects of UV Radiation
Mechanisms of UV Radiation–Induced Damage
Protection against UV Radiation–Induced Damage to the Skin
Other Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation
Cell Phones
Mechanisms of Cell Phone–Induced Damage and Its Protection by Antioxidants
Infrared Radiation (IR)
Biological Effects of Infrared Radiation
Effect of Magnetic Field
Summary
References
Index
9781439874240 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1439874247 (hbk. : alk. paper)
2012376391
GBB1E2538 bnb
015991609 Uk
Radiation Injuries--prevention & control
Radiation Effects
Radiation Protection--methods
WN 610 / P668 2018